Prof. NEVZAT KONAR


Ziraat Fakültesi, Süt Teknolojisi Bölümü

Süt Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı


WoS Research Areas: Food Science & Technology, Engineering


Scopus Research Areas: Food Science, General Engineering


Avesis Research Areas: Food Engineering, Food Science, Food Technology


Names in Publications: Konar Nevzat

Metrics

Publication

193

Publication (WoS)

108

Publication (Scopus)

98

Citation (WoS)

2024

H-Index (WoS)

24

Citation (Scopus)

2363

H-Index (Scopus)

26

Citation (Scholar)

3465

H-Index (Scholar)

29

Citation (Sobiad)

6

H-Index (Sobiad)

1

Project

17

Intellectual Property

7

Open Access

2
UN Sustainable Development Goals

Education

2008 - 2011

2008 - 2011

Doctorate

Ankara University, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Turkey

2005 - 2008

2005 - 2008

Postgraduate

Gazi University, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Turkey

1992 - 1998

1992 - 1998

Undergraduate

Ege University, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü, Turkey

Research Areas

Food Engineering

Food Science

Food Technology

Research Areas Based on Academic Activities

Avesis Research Areas

    WoS Research Areas

      Scopus Research Areas

        Academic Positions

        2023 - Continues

        2023 - Continues

        Professor

        Ankara University, Ziraat Fakültesi, Süt Teknolojisi Bölümü

        2020 - 2023

        2020 - 2023

        Professor

        Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Ziraat Fakültesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü

        2015 - 2020

        2015 - 2020

        Associate Professor

        Siirt University, Faculty Of Engıneerıng-Archıtecture, Department Of Food Engıneerıng

        2014 - 2015

        2014 - 2015

        Assistant Professor

        Siirt University, Faculty Of Veterınary Medıcıne, Department Of Food Hygıene And Technology

        Managerial Experience

        2025 - Present

        2025 - Present

        Director of The Institution

        Ankara University, Gıda Güvenliği Enstitüsü

        2022 - 2025

        2022 - 2025

        Dean

        Eskisehir Osmangazi University

        2020 - 2022

        2020 - 2022

        Vice Dean

        Eskisehir Osmangazi University

        2020 - 2021

        2020 - 2021

        Head of Department

        Eskisehir Osmangazi University

        2018 - 2020

        2018 - 2020

        Head of Department

        Siirt University, Faculty Of Engıneerıng, Department Of Food Engıneerıng

        2014 - 2015

        2014 - 2015

        Head of Department

        Siirt University, Faculty Of Veterınary Medıcıne, Department Of Food Hygıene And Technology

        Non Academic Experience

        2025 - Present

        2025 - Present

        MYK Gıda Sektör Komitesi Üyesi

        Ministry, Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı, Mesleki Yeterlilik Kurumu, MYK Gıda Sektör Komitesi Üyesi

        Articles

        All (122)
        SCI-E, SSCI, AHCI (105)
        SCI-E, SSCI, AHCI, ESCI (107)
        ESCI (1)
        Scopus (98)
        TRDizin (4)
        Other Publications (13)

        Papers Presented at Peer-Reviewed Scientific Conferences

        2022

        2022

        1. Optimization of maltitol syrup content as glucose syrup replacer in gummy candies by using mixture design method

        KONAR N., GÖK Ş., TOKER Ö. S., PALABIYIK İ., Han E.

        The 24th Food Innovation Asia Conference 2022 (FIAC 2022) Innovative and Sustainable Development of Functional Ingredients and Materials: Benefits, Concerns and Challenges in Human Health and Well-being, Bangkok, Thailand, 16 June 2022, (Full Text)

        2021

        2021

        2. Investigation of the effect of sucrose particle size on the texture, water activity and sensory properties in milk chocolate

        Polat S., KONAR N.

        International Scientific Conference of Young Scientist and Students, Kiev, Ukraine, 15 - 16 April 2021, (Full Text)

        2020

        2020

        3. Functional Food Studies on Chocolate

        BAYCAR A., SAĞDIÇ O., KONAR N., Maraşlı S.

        International Eurasian Conference on Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 16 - 18 December 2020, (Full Text)

        2020

        2020

        4. Application of Natural Colors to White Chocolate

        BAYCAR A., SAĞDIÇ O., KONAR N.

        3rd International GAP Food,Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Congress, 4 - 06 December 2020, (Full Text)

        2019

        2019

        5. Usage Possibility of Grape Pomace in Compound Chocolate Instead of Sugar, Whey and Milk: Effect on Thermal and Rheological Properties

        Bursa K., Kılıçlı M., TOKER Ö. S., PALABIYIK İ., KONAR N., Açan B. G., et al.

        6th International Conference of Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of Advanced Materials, İzmir, Turkey, 22 - 24 September 2019, (Summary Text)

        2019

        2019

        6. Effect Grape Pomace Usage in Chocolate Spread Formulation on Textural and Rheological Properties

        Açan B. G., Gülcü M., TOKER Ö. S., PALABIYIK İ., KONAR N., Bursa K., et al.

        6th International Conference of Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of Advanced Materials, September, İzmir, Turkey, 22 - 24 September 2019, (Summary Text)

        2019

        2019

        7. Effect Grape Pomace Usage in Chocolate Spread Formulation on Textural and Rheological Properties

        Açan B. G., Gülcü M., TOKER Ö. S., PALABIYIK İ., KONAR N., Bursa K., et al.

        6th International Conference of Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of Advanced Materials, September, İzmir, Turkey, 22 - 24 September 2019, (Summary Text)

        2019

        2019

        8. Maltitol Including Milk Chocolates by V Seeding: Sensorial, Micro-structural and Some Physical Properties

        KONAR N., TOKER Ö. S., Genç Polat D., OBA İLTER Ş., PALABIYIK İ.

        4th International Congress on Advances in Veterinary Sciences Technics, Kiev, Ukraine, 10 - 14 July 2019, (Summary Text)

        2019

        2019

        9. Effects of Hydrocolloids on Quality Parameters in Fruit Molasses Based Soft Candies: A Model Study

        KONAR N., TOKER Ö. S., Genç Polat D.

        4th International Congress on Advances in Veterinary Sciences Technics, Kiev, Ukraine, 10 - 14 July 2019, (Summary Text)

        2018

        2018

        10. Determination of Phenolic Acid and Flavonoid Profile of Floral and Honeydew Honeys Produced in Turkey

        ARTIK N., KONAR N.

        6th International Mugla Beekeeping and Pine Honey Congress, Muğla, Turkey, 15 October 2018 - 19 October 2108, (Full Text)

        2018

        2018

        12. Using Seeding Technique in Synbiotic White Chocolate Including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Low DP Inulin and Maltitol as Bulk Sweetener

        TOKER Ö. S., Akçiçek A., Genç Polat D., KONAR N., YETİM H.

        The 4th International Symposium on “Traditional Foods from Adriatic to Caucaus”, Kyrenia, 19 - 21 April 2018, (Summary Text)

        2018

        2018

        13. Effect of Myo-Inositol Concentration on the Growth of Marine Porphyridium cruentum

        ERBİL G. Ç., DURMAZ Y., Tamtürk F., KONAR N.

        4th International Conference on Food and Enviromental Sciences, Dha-Nang, Vietnam, 25 - 27 February 2018, (Summary Text)

        2018

        2018

        14. Effects of Process Conditions on Citrus Beverage Emulsions’ Creaming Index: RSM Approach

        KONAR N., Özarda Ö., Şenocak S., Ünlütürk N. N., OBA İLTER Ş.

        4th International Conference on Food and Enviromental Sciences, Dha-Nang, Vietnam, 25 - 27 February 2018, (Summary Text)

        2017

        2017

        15. Research on The Compound of Kyrgyzstan Honeys

        SOLAK A. O., ARTIK N., KONAR N., ÇOKSARI G., SEVEROĞLU Z., İMANBERDİYEVA N.

        The Eurasian Agriculture and Natural Sciences Congress, 20 - 23 September 2017, (Summary Text)

        2017

        2017

        18. The Presence of Some Mycotoxins in Corn Growth in Turkey

        ARTIK N., ŞİRELİ U. T., KONAR N., YARANGUMELİ K.

        2017 HKCBEES KUALA LUMPUR CONFERENCE, 24 - 26 April 2017, (Summary Text)

        2017

        2017

        19. Phenolic profile of meals obtained from defatted hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) varieties

        ŞİMŞEK A., ARTIK N., KONAR N.

        8th International Conference on Food Engineering and Biotechnology (ICFEB 2017), 24 - 26 April 2017, (Summary Text)

        2017

        2017

        21. The Presence of Some Mycotoxins in Corn Grown in Turkey

        ARTIK N., ŞİRELİ U. T., KONAR N., Yarangümeli K.

        8th International Conference on Food Engineering and Biotechnology (ICFEB 2017), 24 - 26 April 2017, (Summary Text)

        2016

        2016

        22. Effect of honey powder on the rheological properties of different gums

        KURT A., KONAR N., TOKER Ö. S., KAHYAOĞLU T.

        2nd Congress on Food Structure & Design, 26 - 28 October 2016, (Summary Text)

        2016

        2016

        23. The importance of hydrocolloids in confectionery products

        TOKER Ö. S., KONAR N., SAĞDIÇ O.

        2nd Congress on Food Structure & Design, İstanbul, Turkey, 26 - 28 October 2016, (Summary Text)

        2016

        2016

        25. Functional Chocolate and Chocolate Products Reality or Fiction

        TOKER Ö. S., GENÇ POLAT D., OBA Ş., KONAR N., SAĞDIÇ O., ARTIK N.

        15th International Cereal and Bread Congress, İstanbul, Turkey, 18 - 21 April 2016

        2016

        2016

        26. Recent Developments in Chocolate Science and Technology

        ARTIK N., KONAR N.

        15th International Cereal and Bread Congress, İstanbul, Turkey, 18 - 21 April 2016

        2016

        2016

        27. Production of Sugar free Milk Chocolate using V Seed Crystals

        OBA Ş., GÖKTAŞ H., TOKER Ö. S., KONAR N., SAĞDIÇ O., ARTIK N.

        15th International Cereal and Bread Congress, İstanbul, Turkey, 18 - 21 April 2016

        2016

        2016

        28. Textural and Sensory Properties of Jellies Effect of Glucose Syrup and Sucrose Concentration

        ÖZCAN Ö., TOKER Ö. S., MUTLU Z., SAĞDIÇ O., AKBAŞ N., ÇELİK G., et al.

        15th International Cereal and Bread Congress, İstanbul, Turkey, 18 - 21 April 2016, (Summary Text)

        2016

        2016

        31. Using Some Hydrocolloids in Milk Chocolate as Prebiotic Agent Interaction Between Process Conditions and Rheological Parameters

        KONAR N., TOKER Ö. S., ÖZHAN B., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., GENÇ POLAT D., ARTIK N., et al.

        2nd Food Structure and Functionality Forum Symposium - From Molecules to Functionality, 28 February - 02 March 2016, (Summary Text)

        2015

        2015

        32. Effect of ball mixing rate and time on the rheological properties of compound chocolate

        TOKER Ö. S., Şener D., SAĞDIÇ O., Tugce Z., DAĞLIOĞLU O., KONAR N.

        The 3rd International Symposium on Traditional Foods from Adriatic and Caucasus, Sarajevo, Bosnia And Herzegovina, 1 - 04 October 2015, pp.411, (Summary Text)

        2015

        2015

        33. Rheological properties of compound chocolate refined at different levels

        TOKER Ö. S., Şener D., SAĞDIÇ O., Tugce Z., DAĞLIOĞLU O., KONAR N.

        The 3rd International Symposium on Traditional Foods from Adriatic and Caucasus, Sarajevo, Bosnia And Herzegovina, 1 - 04 October 2015, (Summary Text)

        2015

        2015

        34. Using Inulin to Develop Prebiotic Milk Chocolate Stability Under Various Process Conditions

        KONAR N., Bilge Ö., TOKER Ö. S., SAĞDIÇ O., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., ARTIK N.

        International Scientific Conference on Probiotics and Prebiotics (IPC 2015), Budapest, Hungary, 23 - 25 June 2015, pp.83, (Summary Text)

        2015

        2015

        35. Toplu Tüketim Yerleri İçin Hijyen ve HACCP Uygulamaları

        ARTIK N., KONAR N.

        Turizm Sağlık ve Hukuk Sempozyumu, Turkey, 3 - 05 April 2015, pp.9-21, (Full Text)

        2014

        2014

        36. Development Functional Juice by Using Echinacea purpurea Extract Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction

        Dalabasmaz S., KONAR N., ÇOKSARI G., AKKOYUN H. T., BAYRAMOĞLU AKKOYUN M., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., et al.

        7th International Conference and Exhibition on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, İstanbul, Turkey, 14 - 17 October 2014, (Summary Text)

        2014

        2014

        37. Determination of Phytoestrogenic Compounds of Chickpea Cicer Arientinum L By Acid Hydrolysis and LC MS MS

        KONAR N., Aygüneş D., ARTIK N., ERMAN M., ÇOKSARI G., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., et al.

        International Conference on Food, Agriculture and Biology (FAB-2014), Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia, 11 - 12 June 2014, (Full Text)

        2013

        2013

        41. Genetik Modifikasyon Tüketici Tutum ve Algısı

        Özhan B., KONAR N., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., ARTIK N.

        TGDF Gıda Kongresi, Antalya, Turkey, 12 - 14 November 2013, pp.4, (Summary Text)

        2013

        2013

        43. Sokak Sütü Kim Neden Niçin

        Özhan B., KONAR N., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., ARTIK N.

        TGDF Gıda Kongresi, Antalya, Turkey, 12 - 14 November 2013, pp.5, (Summary Text)

        2013

        2013

        44. Genetik Modifikasyon ve Akademisyenler

        Özhan B., KONAR N., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., ARTIK N.

        TGDF Gıda Kongresi, Antalya, Turkey, 12 - 14 November 2013, pp.3, (Summary Text)

        2013

        2013

        45. Traditional Turkish Food Regulation

        POYRAZOĞLU E. S., KONAR N., Haspolat Kaya I., ARTIK N., Aydın O., Balım A. R., et al.

        The 2nd International Symposium on Traditional Foods From Adriatic to Caucasus, Struga, Macedonia, 24 - 26 October 2013, pp.64, (Full Text)

        2013

        2013

        47. Academicans Perceptions and Attitudes toward GM Organisms and Foods

        Haspolat Kaya I., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., ARTIK N., KONAR N.

        International Conference on Biological, Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (ICBMPS’2013), Thailand, 23 - 24 June 2013, pp.88-92, (Full Text)

        2013

        2013

        48. Recent Developments in Fruit and Vegetable Technology

        ARTIK N., KONAR N.

        The First Turkish – International Circle’s Workshop on Food Science and Technology, Kayseri, Turkey, 9 - 11 May 2013, pp.10-12, (Full Text)

        2013

        2013

        49. Physical and Rheological Properties of Milk Chocolate Supplemented with Inulin and Isomalt

        KONAR N., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., ARTIK N.

        EuroFoodChem XVII, İstanbul, Turkey, 7 - 10 May 2013, pp.142, (Summary Text)

        2013

        2013

        50. Tooth friendly and prebiotic milk chocolate containing inulin and maltitol

        KONAR N., POYRAZOĞLU E. S.

        Pharma-Nutrition’13, Changji, China, 15 - 17 April 2013, pp.80, (Summary Text)

        2012

        2012

        51. Determination of Phytoestrogenic Compounds of Soybean Sprouts Grown in Antalya Turkey

        KONAR N.

        International Conference on Chemical Engineering and its Applications (ICCEA'12), Bangkok, Thailand, 24 - 25 November 2012, pp.15-17, (Full Text)

        2012

        2012

        52. Sugar Profiles and Contents of Turkish Honeydew and Floral Honeys

        Haroun M. I., KONAR N., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., ARTIK N.

        International Conference on Environment, Agriculture and Food Sciences (ICEAFS’2012), Cape Panwa, Thailand, 11 - 12 August 2012, pp.55-58, (Full Text)

        2012

        2012

        53. Organic Acid Profiles and Contents of Turkish Honeydew and Floral Honeys

        Haroun M. I., KONAR N., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., ARTIK N.

        International Conference on Environment, Agriculture and Food Sciences (ICEAFS’2012), Cape Panwa, Thailand, 11 - 12 August 2012, pp.59-62, (Full Text)

        2012

        2012

        54. Innovations in the Food and Beverage Industry

        KONAR N., ARTIK N., YÜKSEL Z.

        International Advanced Nonthermal Processing in Food Technology: Effects on Quallity and Shelf Life of Food and Beverages (ANPFT2012), İzmir, Turkey, 7 - 10 May 2012, pp.44-47, (Full Text)

        2012

        2012

        55. Thirteen Phytoestrogenic Compound Content of Acidified Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Chickpea Cicer arientium L

        KONAR N., Aygüneş D., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., Haspolat I., DEMİR K., ARTIK N., et al.

        International Conference on Food Science and Nutrition 2012, Kota-Kinabalu, Malaysia, 2 - 04 April 2012, pp.342-351, (Full Text)

        2012

        2012

        56. Determination of Free and Conjugated Isoflavones in Defatted Soy Flour for Consumer Informing In Turkey by Different Sample Preparation Methods

        KONAR N., Aygüneş D., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., Haspolat I., DEMİR K., ARTIK N., et al.

        International Conference on Food Science and Nutrition 2012, Kota-Kinabalu, Malaysia, 2 - 04 April 2012, pp.330-341, (Full Text)

        2010

        2010

        57. Üzüm Pekmezinde Yapılan Hilelerin Fenolik Bileşik Organik Asit Dağılımı ve C13 Analizi İle Belirlenmesi

        KONAR N., Bayraktar F. Ş., ARTIK N.

        3. Geleneksel Gıdalar Sempozyumu, Konya, Turkey, 10 - 12 May 2010, pp.16-22, (Full Text)

        2009

        2009

        58. Functional Drinks and Fruit Juices Containing Herbal Extracts

        KONAR N., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., DEMİR K., ARTIK N.

        3rd International Congress on Food and Nutrition, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 25 April 2009, pp.139, (Summary Text)

        2009

        2009

        59. Using of Lycopene A Tomato Carotenoid As A Natural Colorant and Antioxidant at Functional Food Production

        KONAR N., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., DEMİR K., ARTIK N.

        3rd International Congress on Food and Nutrition, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 25 April 2009, pp.130, (Summary Text)

        Books

        2025

        2025

        1. Application of crystallization in the sugar industry

        Karimidatsjerd A., Zahedinia ., Konar N., Toker Ö. S., Palabıyık İ.

        in: Mass Transfer Operations in the Food Industry Unit Operations and Processing Equipment in the Food Industry, Seid Mahdi Jafari,Narjes Malekjani, Editor, Woodhead Publ Ltd, London, pp.167-196, 2025

        2024

        2024

        2. Vapor recompression systems for food processing evaporators

        Konar N., Tuğrul K. M., Atalar İ., Görgülü A.

        in: Evaporation Technology in Food Processing, Seid Mahdi Jafari,Esra Capanoglu Guven,Asli Can Karaca, Editor, Elsevier Science, Oxford/Amsterdam , Amsterdam, pp.85-101, 2024

        2022

        2022

        3. Improving Functionality of Chocolate

        KONAR N., PALABIYIK İ., TOKER Ö. S., Saputro A. D., Rasouli Pirouzian H.

        in: Trends in Sustainable Chocolate Production, Galanakis, Charis, Editor, Springer Nature, Cham, pp.75-112, 2022

        2013

        2013

        5. Domates Salçası Üretiminde HACCP Uygulaması

        ARTIK N., KONAR N., POYRAZOĞLU E. S.

        in: Domates ve Domates Ürünleri, Sabahattin Nas, Çetin Kadakal, Editor, Sidas Medya, pp.61-163, 2013

        2009

        2009

        8. Küresel Kriz ve Gıda Güvenliği Sunumlar Kitabı 1

        ARTIK N., Mert İ., POYRAZOĞLU E. S., KONAR N.

        TMMOB Gıda Mühendisleri Odası Kitaplar Serisi, Ankara, 2009

        Funded Projects

        2025 - 2027

        2025 - 2027

        Kakao (Çekirdek, Nib Ve Kitle) Kavurma Alternatifi Soğuk Plazma Temelli Yenilikçi Proses Geliştirilmesi

        TUBITAK Project , 1005 - National New Ideas and Products Research Support Program

        Konar N. (Executive), Görgülü A., Toker Ö. S., Atalar İ., Altınay C., Palabıyık İ.

        2024 - 2026

        2024 - 2026

        Çikolata Teknolojisi İçin Alternatif ve Yenilikçi Bir Temperleme Tekniği: Soğuk Plazma Destekli Pre-Kristalizasyon (CPCry)

        TUBITAK Project , 1001 - Program for Supporting Scientific and Technological Research Projects

        Konar N., Palabıyık İ.(Executive), Toker Ö. S.

        2024 - 2026

        2024 - 2026

        Fermentasyon Teknolojisi İle Gıda Renklendiricisi Üretim Prosesi Geliştirilmesi

        TUBITAK Project , 1501 - Industry R & D Projects Support Program

        Konar N., Tamtürk F.(Executive)

        2020 - 2023

        2020 - 2023

        Yumuşak Şekerlemeler için Enkapsüle Mikroalgal Biyomaslardan Doğal Renklendirici Geliştirilmesi

        TUBITAK Project , 1001 - Program for Supporting Scientific and Technological Research Projects

        Konar N. (Executive), Durmaz Y., Mert B.

        2020 - 2022

        2020 - 2022

        Ultrasound Destekli Kristalizasyon ile Çiğnenebilir Şekerleme Prosesi Geliştirilmesi

        TUBITAK Project , 1005 - National New Ideas and Products Research Support Program

        Konar N. (Executive), Toker Ö. S., Palabıyık İ.

        Patent

        2025

        2025

        KENGER SAKIZININ ÇİĞNENEBİLİRLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİNE VE KENGERDEN BİYOBOZUNUR DOĞAL SAKIZ ÜRETİMİNE AİT YÖNTEM

        Patent

        Registered / Approved, The Invention Registration Number: 2016 20317 , Standard Registration

        2024

        2024

        SOĞUK PLAZMA TEKNİĞİ İLE KAKAO VE ÜRÜNLERİ İÇİN ALKALİZASYONA ALTERNATİF BİR YÖNTEM

        Patent

        Registered / Approved, The Invention Registration Number: 2022 009310 , Standard Registration

        2024

        2024

        SOĞUK PLAZMA TEKNİĞİ İLE ALTERNATİF TEMPERLEME YÖNTEMİ OLARAK ÇİKOLATA PRE-KRİSTALİZASYONU

        Patent

        Registered / Approved, The Invention Registration Number: 2022 011914 , Standard Registration

        2021

        2021

        Ekmek Mayası Endüstriyel Atıklarından Yem Hammaddesi Üretim Yöntemi

        Patent

        Registered / Approved, The Invention Registration Number: 2010 10289 , Standard Registration

        2020

        2020

        Toksin Bağlayıcı Yem Katkı Maddesi

        Patent

        Registered / Approved, The Invention Registration Number: 2016 09139 , Standard Registration

        2018

        2018

        SÜRÜLEBİLİR KIVAMDA KREM PEKMEZ ÜRETİM YÖNTEMİ

        Patent

        Registered / Approved, The Invention Registration Number: 2016 16007 , Standard Registration

        2018

        2018

        KORUYUCU YEM KATKI MADDESİ

        Patent

        Registered / Approved, The Invention Registration Number: 2016 09147 , Standard Registration

        

        Citations

        Total Citations (SCOPUS): 2169

        h-index (SCOPUS): 25