Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements, cilt.201, sa.1, ss.1-23, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Sustainable development goals (SDGs) determined by the United Nations have underlined the necessity of circular economy practices, and concerns have been accelerated to sustain a transition between linear economy model to circular practices to accomplish the aim by 2030. The effort on this field is simply summarized as utilization of natural resources should be minimized and residual waste utilization should be maximized. Phosphogypsum (PG) is the by-product generated in phosphate fertilizer production process. Annual generation capacity of PG has risen to 300 million tons, however the statistical data regarding further processing underlines that 14% of PG generated is being utilized for various applications. Currently, PG management route lies mostly on storage, and 58% of PG is stockpiled. The rest 28% portion is discharged to coastal areas. Increasing the circularity of PG within the compliance to circular economy practices has been intensively focused because most of PG’s structure is composed of calcium sulfate, which strengthens its resemblance to natural gypsum, the rest being rare earth elements and heavy metals as the impurities. PG management indicates that the material does not create urgent environmental risks, however research on this field recommends enhanced PG processing rate rather than stockpiling, and the potential of PG utilization as a substitute for natural gypsum has been intensively evaluated. Developing a utilization pathway as a secondary resource would help effective resource management within the compliance to SDGs. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review for the management of PG from a general point of view by analyzing the critical points in recycling and discussing possible potential application areas.