A green, portable, and highly selective MIP-based graphene electrochemical sensor for rapid screening and detection of ethylene glycol contamination in medicine products

Purwaningsih D. R., Patikorn C., Hasan F., Karuwan C., Kraiya C., ÖZKAN S. A., ...Daha Fazla

Microchemical Journal, cilt.216, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 216
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.microc.2025.114723
  • Dergi Adı: Microchemical Journal
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Index Islamicus, Veterinary Science Database
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Electrochemical sensor, Ethylene glycol, Molecularly imprinted polymer, O-phenylenediamine, Pharmaceutical contamination
  • Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The contamination of pediatric pharmaceutical syrups with ethylene glycol (EG) has emerged as a critical global public health issue, underscoring the urgent need for rapid, selective, and reliable detection strategies. In this study, we developed a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor for the selective determination of EG. The sensor was fabricated by electropolymerizing o-phenylenediamine (oPD) onto a screen-printed graphene electrode (SPGE) in the presence of EG as the template molecule. The performance of the sensor was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) based on changes in the redox response of the [Fe(CN)₆]3−/4− probe. Under optimized conditions, the EG@oPD/MIP/SPGE sensor exhibited a linear response within the range of 10–100 μM, with detection and quantification limits of 0.09 μM and 0.31 μM, respectively. The sensor demonstrated high precision (RSD < 4 %) and excellent reusability over three binding/removal/rebinding cycles (RSD < 3.1 %). Selectivity was confirmed by selectivity and interference studies against structural analogs and common excipients. The recovery rates from spiked pharmaceutical samples ranged from 99.8 % to 108.6 %, confirming the accuracy and applicability of the method. These results highlight the potential of the developed EG@oPD/MIP/SPGE sensor as a green, sensitive, and practical tool for quality control in pharmaceutical analyses.