Two new species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae from Africa, one of which is devoid of amatoxins and phallotoxins

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Fraiture A., Amalfi M., Raspe O., KAYA E., AKATA I., Degreef J.

MYCOKEYS, cilt.53, sa.53, ss.93-125, 2019 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 53 Sayı: 53
  • Basım Tarihi: 2019
  • Doi Numarası: 10.3897/mycokeys.53.34560
  • Dergi Adı: MYCOKEYS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.93-125
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Amanita, phylogeny, taxonomy, mycotoxins, tropical Africa, 2 new species, INVASION BIOLOGY, GENUS AMANITA, FUNGI, AGARICALES, EVOLUTION, MUSHROOMS, TISSUES, TOXINS, MODEL
  • Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Two new species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae are described from tropical Africa (incl. Madagascar) based on both morphological and molecular (DNA sequence) data. Amanita bweyeyensis sp. nov. was collected, associated with Eucalyptus, in Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania. It is consumed by local people and chemical analyses showed the absence of amatoxins and phallotoxins in the basidiomata. Surprisingly, molecular analysis performed on the same specimens nevertheless demonstrated the presence of the gene sequence encoding for the phallotoxin phallacidin (PHA gene, member of the MSDIN family). The second species, Amanita harkoneniana sp. nov. was collected in Tanzania and Madagascar. It is also characterised by a complete PHA gene sequence and is suspected to be deadly poisonous. Both species clustered together in a well-supported terminal clade in multilocus phylogenetic inferences (including nuclear ribosomal partial LSU and ITS-5.8S, partial tef1-alpha, rpb2 and beta-tubulin genes), considered either individually or concatenated. This, along with the occurrence of other species in sub-Saharan Africa and their phylogenetic relationships, are briefly discussed. Macro- and microscopic descriptions, as well as pictures and line drawings, are presented for both species. An identification key to the African and Madagascan species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae is provided. The differences between the two new species and the closest Phalloideae species are discussed.