A Sensitive Approach for the Determination of the Novel Antidepressant Vilazodone: Electrochemical Sensing Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode in Surfactant-Containing Media
ChemistryOpen, cilt.15, sa.11, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 15 Sayı: 11
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1002/open.70298
- Dergi Adı: ChemistryOpen
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: boron-doped diamond electrode, electrochemical detection, surfactant, Tween 20, vilazodone
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
A novel, highly sensitive surfactant-supported method was developed for vilazodone (VLD) determination using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. This study represents the first VLD detection on a BDD electrode and the first application of surfactant-supported voltammetry for this antidepressant. The electrochemical behavior of VLD was evaluated at different pH values using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The peak potential shifted negatively up to pH 7.0 and stabilized thereafter, indicating a proton-involved oxidation mechanism with a pKa near 7.0. The effects of CTAB, SDS, and Tween 20 were investigated, with Tween 20 providing the greatest peak-current enhancement due to its nonionic character, interfacial organization, and microcolloidal environment, improving mass transport and suppressing adsorption-controlled pathways. Under optimized conditions, excellent linearity (R2 >0.988) was obtained over 5.0 × 10−10–1.0 × 10−6 M. Recoveries of 98%–102% were achieved in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human serum samples, demonstrating applicability to complex matrices. Density functional theory calculations showed highest occupied molecular orbital localization mainly over the nitrogen-containing conjugated region and partly on the piperazine moiety, supporting piperazine nitrogen involvement in anodic oxidation. The proposed DPV-BDD platform provides a rapid, sensitive, and reliable approach for VLD analysis with nonionic surfactant-assisted signal enhancement.