Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based detection of nitrosamine with a specific aptasensor designed on reduced graphene oxide electrodes via green approach
Microchemical Journal, cilt.227, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 227
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.118868
- Dergi Adı: Microchemical Journal
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Index Islamicus, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: N-nitrosodimethylamine, Nitrosamines, PET substrates, Reduced graphene oxide electrodes, Specific aptamer
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Nitrosamines are highly carcinogenic contaminants found in pharmaceuticals, food products, and environmental samples, highlighting the need for sensitive and selective detection systems. This study aimed to develop an aptamer-functionalized reduced graphene oxide via a green approach (NDMAapt@rGO) aptasensor for the detection and quantification of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The study was conducted in three main stages. First, NDMA-specific aptamers were synthesized using the SELEX method, and their binding affinity was validated with Langmuir isotherm models. Meanwhile, rGO electrodes were secondly fabricated via the wax-printed method on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surfaces. Finally, the aptasensors were constructed by immobilizing the selected aptamer to analyze their analytical performance by using electrochemical techniques, whereas being confirmed by LC-MS/MS measurements. The wax-printing-assisted fabrication of rGO electrodes, combined with environmentally friendly L-ascorbic acid reduction and mild aqueous EDC/sulfo-NHS-mediated aptamer immobilization provides a green, low-cost, scalable, and sustainable sensing platform for NDMA determination. A linear correlation between the change in charge transfer resistance (ΔRct) and NDMA concentration was observed in the concentration range of 1.0–12.5 nM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.25 nM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.83 nM. The selectivity indicated that the NDMAapt@rGO aptasensor demonstrated 3.64- and 4.12-fold greater selectivity toward NDMA compared to N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosomethylbutylamine (NMBA), respectively. Recovery studies in pharmaceutical formulations and commercial serum samples yielded recoveries ranging from 97.17% to 97.96% with relative standard deviations below 3%, demonstrating excellent accuracy and precision while showing a strong agreement/confirmation with LC-MS/MS results. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibited a satisfactory green analytical profile (AGREE score: 0.66), confirming its green profile and eco-friendly nature. Overall, the developed NDMAapt@rGO aptasensor offers a sensitive, selective, accurate, and environmentally sustainable platform for NDMA monitoring in pharmaceutical quality control and public health applications.