A novel green MXene-supported MIP-based platform for the ultrasensitive and selective determination of abemaciclib
Microchemical Journal, cilt.229, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 229
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.119531
- Dergi Adı: Microchemical Journal
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Index Islamicus, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Abemaciclib, Chitosan, Drug analysis, Electrochemical sensors, Molecularly imprinted polymers, MXene
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Abemaciclib (ABE), a potent CDK4/6 inhibitor widely used to treat advanced or metastatic breast cancer, requires close monitoring due to its high protein-binding affinity and the significant influence of cytochrome P450 3 A (CYP3A) inhibitors on its plasma concentration. A novel approach for constructing a highly selective and ultrasensitive melamine-β-cyclodextrin-MXene (melamine-β-CD-Ti3C2Tx) and chitosan (Cht) composite materials-supported electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the determination of ABE is presented in this study. To this end, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a melamine-β-CD-Ti3C2Tx@Cht to provide a conductive and functional platform. The MIP layer was fabricated via electropolymerization (EP) of 1H-indazole-5‑boronic acid (1H-I-5BA) as the functional monomer, in the presence of ABE as the template, thereby enabling the formation of highly specific recognition sites. Key experimental parameters, including the melamine-β-CD-Ti3C2Tx:Cht ratio, monomer-to-template ratio, number of EP cycles, removal solution and number of removal cycles, and rebinding time, were optimized to enhance sensing performance. Electrochemical characterization of the sensor at different fabrication stages—bare electrode, after EP, template removal, and rebinding—was performed using differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimized conditions, the proposed sensor exhibited a wide linear response range from 1.00 × 10−12 M to 1.00 × 10−11 M, with a limit of detection of 1.52 × 10−13 M in standard solutions. Furthermore, the developed platform demonstrated excellent selectivity for ABE in the presence of potential interferents and structurally related compounds, along with satisfactory stability for approximately 3 days. The incorporation of melamine-β-CD-Ti3C2Tx@Cht yielded a synergistic effect, enhancing electron transfer and enabling efficient interactions, thereby contributing to pronounced signal amplification. This work represents one of the first demonstrations of ABE determination using an ABE-1H-I-5BA/melamine-β-CD-Ti3C2Tx@Cht/MIP-GCE, offering a cost-effective and practical tool for routine clinical bioanalysis. Furthermore, the proposed sensor was evaluated using both the Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach (AGREE) and the AGREE-MIP tool. The results demonstrated a high level of conformity with Green Analytical Chemistry principles, highlighting advantages such as low energy consumption, minimal waste generation, reduced reagent use, and environmentally friendly synthesis procedures.