in: Turkey, a Century of Change in State and Society, Bayram Balcı,Nicholas Monceau, Editor, Macmillan/Palgrave Press, London , Bern, pp.15-42, 2023
As the Turkish Republic is celebrating the hundredth anniversary of its establishment, not only the democratic values and institutions but also the very foundations of republican rule, especially the institution and prac- tice of citizenship, have been severely damaged in Turkey. Obviously, the reasons for the recent radical deterioration in Turkey’s flawed democracy are multidimensional and have their roots in the extensive socioeconomic and political transformations that the country has experienced since the early 2000s.