Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
KIDNEY CANCER, cilt.9, ss.20-23, 2025 (ESCI, Scopus)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), yet the role and efficacy of ICI rechallenge after disease progression remain uncertain. Response-adaptive escalation in OMNIVORE, HCRN GU16-260, and TITAN-RCC trials showed limited efficacy. While KEYNOTE-146 reported a 56% ORR with pembrolizumab and lenvatinib rechallenge, CONTACT-03 and TiNivo-2 trials demonstrated that ICI rechallenge failed to improve progression-free survival or overall survival compared to VEGF TKI monotherapy. The mechanisms underlying ICI resistance are complex, involving tumor microenvironment and immune pathway alterations. Research is ongoing to develop novel combinations and identify biomarkers for personalized strategies following ICI resistance.