Risk Factors Associated with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
HEALTHCARE, cilt.14, sa.10, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, SSCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 14 Sayı: 10
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/healthcare14101340
- Dergi Adı: HEALTHCARE
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, CINAHL, Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest)
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Highlights What are the main findings? The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed under sedation was 8.6%, and female sex, higher body mass index (BMI), preoperative nausea, thyroid disease, and oral antidiabetic drug use were significantly associated with increased risk. Higher Apfel scores were associated with the development of PONV, whereas macroscopic endoscopic findings and sedative agents were not significantly related to its occurrence. What are the implications of the main findings? Preoperative evaluation of patient-related risk factors such as sex, BMI, thyroid disease, oral antidiabetic drug use, and Apfel score may help identify individuals at higher risk for PONV before EGD procedures. Improved awareness of these risk factors may contribute to better perioperative management and postoperative comfort in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures.Highlights What are the main findings? The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed under sedation was 8.6%, and female sex, higher body mass index (BMI), preoperative nausea, thyroid disease, and oral antidiabetic drug use were significantly associated with increased risk. Higher Apfel scores were associated with the development of PONV, whereas macroscopic endoscopic findings and sedative agents were not significantly related to its occurrence. What are the implications of the main findings? Preoperative evaluation of patient-related risk factors such as sex, BMI, thyroid disease, oral antidiabetic drug use, and Apfel score may help identify individuals at higher risk for PONV before EGD procedures. Improved awareness of these risk factors may contribute to better perioperative management and postoperative comfort in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures.Abstract Background/Objectives: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication that may negatively affect patient comfort and recovery following procedures performed under sedation. Although gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures are widely performed, data on the incidence and risk factors of PONV after esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) remain limited. This study aimed to determine the incidence of PONV following EGD under sedation and to identify factors associated with its development. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included adult patients who underwent elective EGD under sedation between June and November 2023. Demographic and clinical data, Apfel risk scores, sedative agents, procedure duration, and macroscopic endoscopic findings were obtained from electronic medical records. PONV was assessed based on documentation during the post-anesthesia care unit stay. Patients were categorized into PONV-positive and PONV-negative groups and compared using appropriate statistical tests. Results: A total of 152 patients were included, and PONV occurred in 13 patients (8.6%). Female sex (p = 0.020), higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.009), preoperative nausea or vomiting (p = 0.002), thyroid disease (p = 0.004), oral antidiabetic drug use (p = 0.003), and higher Apfel risk scores (p = 0.008) were significantly associated with PONV. Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, procedure duration, sedative agents, and macroscopic endoscopic findings showed no significant association. Conclusions: PONV following EGD under sedation was relatively uncommon. Patient-related factors, particularly female sex, higher BMI, preoperative nausea, thyroid disease, oral antidiabetic drug use, and higher Apfel scores, were associated with increased risk.