Low-level urinary cannabinoid findings after controlled administration of hemp seed products in Türkiye: Interpretive value of Δ8-/ Δ9-THC-COOH patterns
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, cilt.387, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 387
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.113053
- Dergi Adı: FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, CINAHL, Criminal Justice Abstracts, EBSCO Legal Collection, EBSCO Legal Source, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Criminal Justice Periodical Index, Zoological Record, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Social Science Premium Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Criminology Collection (ProQuest), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest), Legal Collection (EBSCO), Legal Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Hemp seed products may contain trace cannabinoids that complicate the forensic interpretation of urinary cannabinoid findings. This study investigated time-dependent urinary cannabinoid findings following controlled administration of hemp seed products in T & uuml;rkiye, with particular attention to the interpretive relevance of z8-/ z9-derived carboxylated metabolite patterns. A validated isomer-specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used to quantify cannabinoids and related metabolites in urine. Twentytwo hemp seed oils and twelve hemp seed products were analyzed, and 15 healthy volunteers (n = 5 per arm) underwent controlled administration of oral hemp oil, dermal hemp oil, or hemp seed ingestion, with serial urine sampling over 10 days. Repeated oral hemp oil administration produced the strongest and most sustained urinary signal, with total THC-COOH detectable in 72 of 77 samples (93.5%) and a plateau-like pattern after day 6. In this arm, the highest median total THC-COOH concentration was 3.91 ng/mL and the maximum observed concentration was 4.52 ng/mL. Hemp seed ingestion produced recurrent but lower-level findings, whereas dermal application yielded the weakest and least consistent urinary detections. In the oral oil arm, urinary findings were characterized by predominance of z8-THC-COOH over z9-THC-COOH, with z8-THC-COOH/z9-THC-COOH ratios ranging from 1.92 to 8.83. A one-sided 99% upper prediction limit (UPL99) for total THC-COOH in the oral oil arm was estimated at 9.35 ng/mL. These findings provide controlled human data supporting cautious interpretation of low-level urinary cannabinoid results after hemp seed product administration and highlight the interpretive value of isomer-specific z8-/z9-THC-COOH patterns in forensic toxicology.