Nomenclature on Immune-Mediated Drug Reactions: An EAACI Position Paper
Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1111/all.70480
- Dergi Adı: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, MEDLINE, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: drug, endotype, immune-mediated reactions, nomenclature, phenotype
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Over the past several decades, there have been significant advances in our understanding of both immunological and pharmacological mechanisms of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Immune-mediated drug reactions (IMDRs) represent a small proportion of ADRs and are caused by a pathological activation of the immune system or inflammatory pathways. Drugs can act as an antigen or may directly interact with the immune system or inflammatory pathways, making immune-mediated drug reactions observed in contemporary practice not sufficiently explained by the Gell and Coombs (G&C) framework. Moreover, the phenotype alone is neither pathognomonic nor sufficient to infer the endotype. The proposed nomenclature integrates chrono-morphological phenotypes, mechanistic endotypes and characteristics of the involved drug. In this nomenclature, IMDRs are classified, according to the nature of interaction with the immune system, in: (i) drug allergy that encompasses antigen-driven reactions—diagnosed by tests detecting sensitisation—and (ii) drug hypersensitivity that includes the heterogeneous broad group of drug-directly-driven reactions. This framework supports precision medicine, aligns terminology with mechanisms, and provides a common language for interdisciplinary communication, pharmacovigilance, and drug development. It accommodates emerging therapeutic classes and remains adaptable to future discoveries in immunopathogenesis and biomarker development.