Developments in the Role of Transcranial Sonography for the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonism

Pilotto A., Yilmaz R., Berg D.

CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS, cilt.15, sa.7, 2015 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
  • Cilt numarası: 15 Sayı: 7
  • Basım Tarihi: 2015
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s11910-015-0566-9
  • Dergi Adı: CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Transcranial sonography, Parkinson's disease, Movement disorder, Substantia nigra, Hyperechogenicity, Basal ganglia, SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA ECHOGENICITY, BRAIN PARENCHYMA SONOGRAPHY, RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME, MOVEMENT-DISORDERS, ESSENTIAL TREMOR, MIDBRAIN SONOGRAPHY, IRON ACCUMULATION, DISEASE PATIENTS, WILSONS-DISEASE, VASCULAR PARKINSONISM
  • Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

In the last two decades transcranial sonography (TCS) has developed as a valuable, supplementary tool in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of movement disorders. In this review, we highlight recent evidence supporting TCS as a reliable method in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism, combining substantia nigra (SN), basal ganglia and ventricular system findings. Moreover, several studies support SN hyperechogenicity as one of most important risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). The advantages of TCS include short investigation time, low cost and lack of radiation. Principal limitations are still the dependency on the bone window and operator experience. New automated algorithms may reduce the role of investigator skill in the assessment and interpretation, increasing TCS diagnostic reliability. Based on the convincing evidence available, the EFNS accredited the method of TCS a level A recommendation for supporting the diagnosis of PD and its differential diagnosis from secondary and atypical parkinsonism. An increasing number of training programmes is extending the use of this technique in clinical practice.