Sustainable Analytical Chemistry: Methods, Materials, and Applications, wiley, ss.335-378, 2026
Electrochemical sensors have become essential for rapid, cost-effective, and efficient monitoring of chemical and biological processes in various fields such as environmental, food, and biomedical applications. Their popularity in analytical and bioanalytical applications is attributed to their rapid response, high sensitivity, and in situ measurement capabilities. These sensors are recommended to use eco-friendly materials and methods to minimize ecological impact while maintaining high performance. In this context, sustainable electrochemical sensors, which include biodegradable, naturally occurring, and recyclable components and an environment-friendly fabrication procedure, are emerging as eco-friendly alternatives for diverse analytical applications. Developing sustainable electrochemical sensor platforms is crucial to address increasing environmental awareness and the importance of green chemistry applications. Paper-based platforms, biodegradable polymers, and recycled agricultural food waste products are being investigated as sustainable substrates. Environment-friendly synthesis methods for nanomaterials and nontoxic solvents further contribute to sustainability. Utilizing printing technologies such as screen printing, inkjet printing, and 3D printing enables the economical production of these sensors. Sustainable electrochemical sensors are finding applications in various fields, including clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical and chemical analysis, environmental monitoring, food safety, and precision agriculture. Despite the challenges, such as finding safe and biodegradable materials, reducing energy consumption, and stability, sustainable electrochemical sensors offer promising solutions for more environmentally responsible analytics in various sectors. In this chapter, electrochemical sensors designed for promising sustainable sensor technology and their analytical/bioanalytical applications are examined in detail. Finally, their future significance and applicability are also discussed.