Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Ankara Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi, cilt.66, sa.1, ss.75-108, 2025 (Scopus)
Hishām b. al-Ḥakam (d. 179/795?) is one of the leading figures in many sources who played a major role in shaping the main doctrines of the Imāmiyya and is even regarded as the theorist of this school. His views associated with the Imāmiyya are frequently mentioned both in Imāmī literature and in works of kalām and maqālāt. However, it is difficult to say that his ideas, especially those that can be categorized under cosmology, have received the same level of attention in the tradition of Islamic thought. Nevertheless, when maqālāt works are analyzed in this context, it is argued that Hishām presented views on issues such as the body and mudākhala which would later influence al-Naẓẓām (d. 231/845), or at least that he had defended such ideas before the latter. In these sources, though, the first proponent of these views is not always Hishām b. al-Ḥakam. Especially when there is an intention to portray him as non-Islamic, his name is frequently mentioned alongside that of Abū Shākir al-Dayṣānī (d. between 163–169/780–785), and it is suggested that Abū Shākir had a significant impact on the formation of Hishām’s thought. This association constitutes the starting point of this study which aims to better understand both Abū Shākir al-Dayṣānī and the Dayṣāniyya. In the effort to explore the Dayṣāniyya, the study focuses on Bardaisan (CE. 222), who is considered its founder, and attempts to identify his main ideas as preserved in historical and contemporary sources. Finally, the study questions to what extent the doctrines attributed to the Dayṣāniyya — characterized as dualist in Islamic literature— correspond to Bardaisan’s views, and whether it is possible to trace an intellectual transmission from Bardaisan to Hishām b. al-Ḥakam. The study takes the views of Hishām b. al-Ḥakam and al-Naẓẓām associated with the Dayṣāniyya as its foundation and aims to contribute to understanding the potential influences in the thoughts of these two important figures, both of whom lived during the second and third Islamic centuries, the early period of Islamic intellectual history, and hold a significant place in the history of Islamic sects.