A conceptual model for groundwater flow and geochemical evolution of thermal fluids at the Kizilcahamam geothermal area, Galatian volcanic Province

Pasvanoglu S., Çelik M.

GEOTHERMICS, cilt.71, ss.88-107, 2018 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 71
  • Basım Tarihi: 2018
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2017.08.012
  • Dergi Adı: GEOTHERMICS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.88-107
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Kizilcahamam geothermal field, Hydrogeochemistry, Enviromental isotopes, Hydrothermal model, Central Anatolia, Turkey, HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS, CRYSTALLINE BEDROCK, MINERALIZED WATERS, FIELD, PART, HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY, EQUILIBRIA, DISCHARGES, TECTONICS, CHEMISTRY
  • Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Ktzticahamam geothermal area is one of the most important geothermal fields in the Galatean Volcanic Province northern Central Anatolia of Turkey. Kizilcahamam geothermal field is liquid-dominated system that have been developed in the rugged terrain, and usually consists of a geothermal systems that occur commonly associated with terrestrial volcanism. This field is characterized by thermal and mineralized springs, travertine, with wide alteration zones. Thermal waters are issue through the faults and fracture zones of the volcanics. The temperatures of the wells in the Kizilcahamam town center varies between 42 and 81 degrees C, whereas the temperature of thermal and mineralized water springs in the area of Actsu Stream and Seyhamam varies between 23 and 43 degrees C. Electrical conductivity values for thermal waters are between 1029 and 3700 mu S/cm. Thermal waters in Kizticahamam area are mainly Na-HCO3-Cl and Na-Ca-HCO3 type, with high salinity, while cold groundwater is mostly of Ca (Na, Mg)-HCO3 type, with lower salinity. Both waters of Kizdcahamam town center and Actsu Stream appear to be derived from a deeper reservoir fluid, whereas Seyhamam thermal waters are compatible with shallow cold waters heated by steam absorbing high temperatures. High contents of some minor elements in thermal waters, such as F, B, Li, Rb, Sr and Cs probably derive from enhanced water rock interaction.