Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Materials Today Chemistry, cilt.48, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
This review comprehensively examines the increasing interest in electrochemical (bio)sensors for biomolecule detection. The critical advantages of these sensors, such as high sensitivity and selectivity, fast response time, and compatibility with different analysis platforms, are explained. In recent years, electrochemical (bio)sensors have become indispensable tools for the selective and sensitive detection of critical biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and disease-specific biomarkers by converting specific biochemical interactions into measurable electrical signals. Advanced material integrations to enhance the sensing performance of these sensors are evaluated in this review. In this context, MXenes, two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, stand out as highly promising candidates. Recent developments in material science have revealed the properties of MXenes, such as large surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, hydrophilic character, and tunable surface functionalities. In the review, it is mentioned that these properties are quite suitable for the development of new generation electrochemical sensors. The fact that they allow fast electron transfer and can be easily functionalized with biorecognition elements makes MXenes ideal for biosensor applications requiring high selectivity and stability for complex biological environments. This study not only examines the fundamental properties that make MXenes ideal for electrochemical biosensor applications, but also examines the most recent MXene-based electrosensor studies published between 2018 and 2024, categorizing them according to the targeted biomolecule types. Sensing mechanisms, sensor design strategies, and material modifications are compared in detail; this information is presented to the reader in a clear and applicable manner with tables and schematic representations. In addition, current limitations encountered in MXene-based sensor platforms, such as long-term stability, biocompatibility, and integration into flexible/wearable systems, are highlighted; future research directions for these challenges are discussed. Special attention is given to environmentally friendly synthesis approaches that comply with green chemistry principles and strategies, such as integrating molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to increase selectivity. In this context, this review provides a resource that summarizes current knowledge and a strategic roadmap to guide research towards developing high-efficiency, sustainable, and ready-to-implement MXene-based electrochemical sensors for biomolecule detection.