Topographical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve

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Aydın M., Çelik E., Yılmaz M., Cömert A., Cömert E.

15th International Symposium of Clinical and Applied Anatomy (ISCAA 2024), Swansea, İngiltere, 27 - 29 Haziran 2024, ss.7

  • Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Tam Metin Bildiri
  • Basıldığı Şehir: Swansea
  • Basıldığı Ülke: İngiltere
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.7
  • Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Aim:

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a commonly used treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a chronic condition caused by periodic collapse of the pharynx during sleep. However, considering the non-compliance of patients and the consequences of untreated sleep apnea, an alternative treatment method needs to be developed. Indeed, neuromuscular stimulation devices as a novel aproach have recently become increasingly popular as an important and life-improving alternative. This study aimed to identify the appropriate site to optimize the implantation of neuromuscular stimulation devices.

 

Methods:

The bilateral hypoglassal nerve (HGN) of eight cadavers was evaluated in the study. The distal branches of each HGN to the hyoglossus, geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles (GG) were examined and localized using a precision digital caliper. Distance from the cervical midline and distance from the symphysis to the mandible were assessed to measure localization. Moreover, anthropometric measurements were performed to assess other factors that may contribute to OSA.

 

Results:

This anatomical study evaluated the location of the HGN and its terminal branches innervating the hyoglossus, geniohyoid, and genioglossus muscles. The appropriate area for positioning neuromuscular stimulation devices and associated risks were evuluated. The appropriate placement of the neuromuscular stimulation device was determined to be 20±2 mm in the midline and 50±6 mm in the symphysis mandible.

 

Conclusion:

OSA, an increasingly prevalent disease, and the standardization of necessary treatment modalities are of vital importance. Drawing from the experiences gained in previous studies, an appropriate area was determined for neuromuscular stimulation devices. This provides a convenient option for patients who are non-compliant with CPAP devices, offering an alternative treatment approach.

 

Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea, hypoglossal nerve, genioglossal muscle, neuromuscular stimulation devices