Failure modes and seismic response of twin-minaret masonry madrasas: A finite element-based assessment of TRM retrofitting


Kocaman İ., Demir G. K., ÇELİK A., MERCİMEK Ö., ANIL Ö., Milani G.

Structures, cilt.87, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 87
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.istruc.2026.111737
  • Dergi Adı: Structures
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: FEM, Heritage strengthening, Historical masonry, Seismic analysis, Sivas Twin Minaret Madrasa, TRM
  • Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study aims to evaluate the seismic performance of the Sivas Twin Minaret Madrasa, one of the distinguished examples of Anatolian Seljuk architecture, and to analyze the structural effectiveness of a proposed retrofitting strategy. In the existing structural assessment report of the building, a textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) system combined with high-lime-content mortar is recommended, particularly for application to the minaret region. Based on this proposal, detailed finite element models representing both the current and retrofitted states of the structure were developed, and nonlinear static (pushover) and dynamic (time-history) analyses were conducted. The results indicate that the TRM application increases the load-carrying capacity (by approximately 16%) and shortens the structural period (from 0.84 s to 0.61 s). However, the increased stiffness leads to stress concentration and elevated plastic strain demand in the minaret transition zone, making the structure more vulnerable to seismic action. The study highlights the need to carefully assess the system-level implications of local retrofitting techniques such as TRM and recommends considering alternative hybrid strengthening scenarios in line with the principle of minimum intervention.