Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Electrochimica Acta, cilt.565, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
The sensitive and reliable electrochemical determination of palonosetron (PLN), a second-generation 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist widely used in antiemetic therapy, remains analytically challenging. This difficulty primarily arises from its irreversible oxidation behavior and weak electroactivity at conventional electrode surfaces. Herein, a boron and nitrogen dual-doped three-dimensional graphene (B,N-3D_G) architecture was synthesized via a hydrothermal reduction–induced self-assembly method. The resulting B,N-3D_G was employed as an effective signal amplifier to construct a novel and robust electrochemical platform for PLN sensing. Structural and physicochemical characterization confirmed the formation of a hierarchically porous graphene scaffold with successful heteroatom incorporation, providing enlarged specidic surface area (1251.8 ± 26.4 m² g⁻¹) and defect-rich active sites. The three-dimensional porous network enhances electrolyte penetration and mass transport, while boron and nitrogen dual doping induces local charge polarization and electronic modulation within the graphene lattice. This effect lowers the charge-transfer resistance (Rct decreased from 3201.5 Ω to 1587.8 Ω) and accelerates the proton-coupled irreversible oxidation of PLN. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that PLN oxidation at the B,N-3D_G/GCE is predominantly diffusion-controlled and kinetically irreversible. Under optimized conditions (PBS, pH 8.0), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) enabled quantitative determination of PLN over a linear concentration range of 0.099–4.00 µM, with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0106 µM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.0353 µM. The proposed sensor exhibited satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, and high selectivity in the presence of 100-fold excess common interferents. It was also successfully applied to human plasma, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and human urine with recoveries ranging from 96.7 % to 102.04 %. These results highlight the potential of B,N-3D_G architectures as versatile electrochemical interfaces for the sensitive and reliable determination of pharmaceutical compounds exhibiting complex redox behavior.