Sex differences in gastrointestinal bleeding among patients with cardiovascular diseases: A secondary analysis of the INTERBLEED study

Cai Y., Bosch J., Zhu J., Eikelboom J. W., O'Donnell M., Yi Q., ...Daha Fazla

Thrombosis Research, cilt.262, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 262
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.thromres.2026.109712
  • Dergi Adı: Thrombosis Research
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Associated factors, Cardiovascular diseases, Case-control studies, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Sex factors
  • Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a serious complication among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate sex differences in the odds of GI bleeding. Methods: We analyzed data from an international case-control study of adults with CVD (n = 4721; 1807 women and 2914 men), conducted between September 3, 2015, and December 20, 2022. Cases presented with overt GI bleeding; controls had no prior GI bleeding. Baseline characteristics were compared by sex. Sequential multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between sex and GI bleeding, followed by sex-stratified analyses and tests for sex×factor interactions. Results: Female sex was independently associated with lower adjusted odds of GI bleeding compared with male sex (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.95). While most established factors were associated with GI bleeding in both sexes, Coronary artery disease was associated with higher odds of GI bleeding only in women (aOR 1.44; P-interaction = 0.004). Conclusions: Among patients with CVD, female sex is independently associated with lower odds of GI bleeding. Several factors were shared between sexes, although some sex-specific associations were observed.