A 3D model for the formation of turtleback surfaces: the Horzum Turtleback of western Turkey as a case study

SEYİTOĞLU G., IŞIK V., ESAT K.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES, cilt.23, sa.5, ss.479-494, 2014 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 23 Sayı: 5
  • Basım Tarihi: 2014
  • Doi Numarası: 10.3906/yer-1401-23
  • Dergi Adı: TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.479-494
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Turtleback, extension, normal fault, Death Valley, western Turkey, graben, METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX, CENTRAL MENDERES MASSIF, DEATH-VALLEY REGION, BLACK MOUNTAINS, ALASEHIR GRABEN, GEDIZ GRABEN, EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS, ROLLING-HINGE, 2-STAGE EXTENSION, EVOLUTION
  • Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Turtleback surfaces are common elements of highly extended terrains all over the world. This paper presents a 3D model explaining the formation of turtleback surfaces based on field observations made on the Horzum Turtleback of the Alasehir graben, western Turkey. Three essential features have been determined as forming a turtleback surface. These are 1) the rolling hinge mechanism on a normal fault system, where the initial fault stays operational after forming second and third normal faults in its hanging wall; 2) relay ramps between initial fault segments; and 3) a synextensional intrusion on the shear zone of the initial normal fault at midcrustal level. The strike-slip tectonic setting is not among the essential features as suggested recently for Death Valley turtlebacks.