From lab to life: analytical principles of redefining antipsychotic detection via nanotechnology
Microchemical Journal, cilt.228, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 228
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.119179
- Dergi Adı: Microchemical Journal
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Index Islamicus, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Analytical methods, Antipsychotic drugs, Drug monitoring, Electrochemical sensor, Nanocomposites
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Antipsychotic drugs (APs) are primarily used to treat schizophrenia. While these medications can alleviate the negative symptoms associated with the condition, they may also lead to significant side effects. Traditional quantification methods, such as chromatography, capillary electrophoresis (CE), spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry (MS), have been widely used to measure antipsychotic levels. However, these techniques are complex, labor-intensive, require additional pretreatment steps, consume large sample volumes, are expensive, and necessitate highly trained personnel. Moreover, to manage symptoms effectively, patients with schizophrenia must undergo frequent procedures, including painful blood draws, which contribute to the overall cost and time required for treatment. As a result, electrochemical methods have emerged as promising alternatives for drug evaluation due to their cost-effectiveness, ease of use, rapid responsiveness, and high selectivity. Additionally, employing nanomaterials in electrochemical methods can improve their performance. Furthermore, combining different types of nanomaterials into a nanocomposite can provide more enhancement through synergistic effects. In recent years, nanocomposites as electrode modifiers have played a vital role in the development of electrochemical detectors. They reduce operational time and complexity, thereby lowering costs, and enable rapid, accurate detection of low concentrations of antipsychotics across various samples. This article begins with an overview of antipsychotic drugs and a discussion of various kinds of nanomaterials. It then reviews recent electrochemical applications utilizing nanocomposite-modified electrodes, emphasizing the synergistic effects that improve the accuracy and speed of antipsychotic drug detection. Finally, the article concludes with a summary of the potential benefits and limitations of these methods.