Green synthesis of apricot seed testa-derived Ni3Se4@C nanocomposite for the first voltammetric determination of selinexor
Surfaces and Interfaces, cilt.101, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 101
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.111091
- Dergi Adı: Surfaces and Interfaces
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, INSPEC
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Biomass-derived carbon, Differential pulse voltammetry, Electrochemical sensor, Green analytical chemistry, Nickel selenide, Selinexor
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Selinexor (SLX) is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of nuclear export (XPO1) widely utilized in cancer therapy; however, its narrow therapeutic window requires sensitive, rapid, and eco-friendly analytical monitoring. Herein, a highly performant electrochemical sensor based on a biomass-derived carbon-supported nickel selenide composite (Ni3Se4@C) modified glassy carbon electrode (Ni3Se4@C/GCE) was developed for the trace-level determination of SLX. The nanocomposite was synthesized via a sustainable route using apricot seed testa powder as a porous carbon matrix precursor. Comprehensive structural characterizations (XRD, HR-TEM, BET, Raman, and XPS) confirmed the formation of crystalline Ni3Se4@C nanodomains integrated within a mesoporous carbon framework, offering a large specific surface area (171.05 m2 g-1) and abundant mixed-valence Ni2+/Ni3+ active sites. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that surface modification substantially expanded the electroactive area to 0.20 cm2 and significantly reduced charge-transfer resistance to 1850 Ω compared to the bare electrode (3200 Ω). Under optimized differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) conditions in pH 2.0 Britten–Robinson buffer, the sensor displayed a wide linear dynamic range from 0.4 to 16.46 μM (R2 = 0.991) with a low detection limit (LOD) of 69.6 nM (210.9 nM LOQ). Mechanistic studies confirmed an irreversible, diffusion-controlled oxidation involving a 2e-/2H+ transfer at the hydrazide linkage. The fabricated platform exhibited excellent repeatability (RSD = 1.42%), inter-electrode reproducibility (RSD = 1.14%), and high selectivity against common inorganic ions, amino acids, and biological interferents. Practical utility was validated in human plasma, synthetic urine, pharmaceutical tablets, and surface water samples, yielding satisfactory recoveries (98.0%–104.4%). Furthermore, the environmental profile was rigorously benchmarked using GAPI, AGREE (0.76), and BAGI (75.0) tools, demonstrating superior analytical greenness and white analytical chemistry principles compared to conventional chromatographic platforms.