The influence of smoking and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on periodontal disease
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH, vol.30, no.2, pp.116-125, 2002 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 30 Issue: 2
- Publication Date: 2002
- Doi Number: 10.1177/147323000203000203
- Journal Name: JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
- Page Numbers: pp.116-125
- Keywords: diabetes mellitus complications, smoking effects, periodontal disease/therapy, risk factors, FIBROBLASTS IN-VITRO, CIGARETTE-SMOKING, RISK INDICATORS, THERAPY, POPULATION, ATTACHMENT, NICOTINE, IDDM
- Ankara University Affiliated: No
Abstract
The periodontal health of smokers and non-smokers with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and non-smokers with periodontitis who were not suffering from a systemic disease was assessed. The investigation was carried out on 60 adult subjects. Levels of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and immunoglobulins G, A and M were determined, together with the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depths and clinical attachment level. Periodontitis was more severe in smokers and non-smokers with NIDDM than non-smokers without NIDDM, and the periodontal condition (clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth and gingival bleeding) was better in non-smokers with NIDDM than smokers with NIDDM. The results suggest that diabetes and smoking are high-risk factors for periodontal disease.