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TURK OFTALMOLOJI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, vol.52, no.2, pp.125-138, 2022 (ESCI)
Surgery in intraocular tumors is done for excision/biopsy and the management of complications secondary to the treatment of these rumors. Excision/biopsy of intraocular rumors can be done via fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), transretinal biopsy (TRB), partial lamellar sclerouvectomy (PLSU), and endoresection. FNAB, TRB, and PLSU can be used in tumors that cannot be diagnosed by clinical examination and other ancillary testing methods. PLSU is employed in tumors involving the iridociliary region and choroid anterior to the equator. Excisional PLSU is performed for iridociliary and ciliary body rumors with less than 3 clock hours of iris and ciliary body involvement and choroidal rumors with a base diameter less than 15 mm. However, for biopsy, PLSU can be employed with any size rumor. Endoresection is a procedure whereby the intraocular tumor is excised using vitrectomy techniques. The rationale for performing endoresection is based on the fact that irradiated uveal melanomas may cause complications such as exudation, neovascular glaucoma, and intraocular pigment and rumor dissemination (toxic rumor syndrome), and removing the dead tumor tissue may contribute to better visual outcome. Endoresection is recommended 1-2 weeks after external radiotherapy. Pars plana vicreccomy is also used in the management of complications including vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and epiretinal membrane that can occur after treatment of posterior segment rumors using radiotherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy. It is important to make sure the incraocular tumor has been eradicated before embarking on such treatment.