Adsorptive Removal of F⁻ and P2O5 From Real Phosphogypsum Leachate Using Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide: Performance Evaluation and Process Parameter Optimization
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, cilt.237, sa.23, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 237 Sayı: 23
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s11270-026-10023-3
- Dergi Adı: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, ABI/INFORM, Artic & Antarctic Regions, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, EMBASE, Environment Index, Geobase, Greenfile, Zoological Record, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Earth, Atmospheric, & Aquatic Science Collection (ProQuest), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Adsorption, Fluoride, Nano graphene oxide, Phosphogypsum leachate, Phosphorus, Reduced graphene oxide
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct of wet-process phosphoric acid production, contains water-soluble impurities such as F⁻ and P2O5 that may leach into the environment and pose ecological risks. This study evaluates the removal of these pollutants from real PG leachate using nano graphene oxide (nGO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as adsorbents. FTIR and XRD characterizations confirmed the successful chemical oxidation of graphite to nGO and its subsequent eco-friendly reduction to rGO, which restored the graphitic sp2 network. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of pH (3–7) and contact time (30–120 min) on removal efficiency. The experimental data were further assessed to identify the predominant operational parameters and optimal treatment conditions. Both pH and contact time significantly influenced adsorption performance, with maximum removal observed at pH 7 and 120 min. Under these conditions, nGO achieved removal efficiencies of 48.74% for F⁻ and 77.38% for P2O5, while rGO exhibited markedly higher performance, reaching 75% and 97.73%, respectively. Across all tested conditions, rGO consistently outperformed nGO, indicating superior adsorption capacity owing to its higher density of accessible graphitic domains and lower surface crowding. The underlying adsorption mechanisms were successfully addressed, revealing that multi-component retention under near-neutral conditions is governed by calcium-mediated bridging effects from the real leachate matrix, alongside surface complexation and hydrogen bonding. Results demonstrate that operational parameter optimization is critical for effective treatment and that rGO-based materials show strong potential for reducing F⁻ and P2O5 release from PG-derived effluents. This study provides insight into the application of graphene-based adsorbents for improving the environmental management and valorization prospects of phosphogypsum.