Development and validation of a GC-MS method for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols, phthalate monoesters, and triclosan in human meconium for comprehensive prenatal exposure assessment
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, cilt.279, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 279
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117556
- Dergi Adı: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Bisphenols, GC-MS, Meconium samples, Method development and validation, Phthalates, Prenatal exposure
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Determining in utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is crucial for public health, given their widespread presence and high production volumes. Analyzing EDCs, such as bisphenols, phthalate monoesters, and triclosan in meconium is essential for evaluating prenatal exposure and gaining critical insights into potential fetal health hazards throughout gestation. The present work describes a GC–MS method for the determination of bisphenols, phthalate monoesters, and triclosan in meconium samples. Sample preparation involved hydrolysis of glucuronidated analytes followed by liquid–liquid back extraction with dichloromethane. A BSTFA+ 1% TMCS was used for derivatization of compounds prior to the GC-MS analysis. The method was linear over the concentration range 0.25–10 ng/g for all analytes. Intra- and inter-day precision (%RSD) values ranging from 0.39% to 5.79% and 1.07–6.97%, respectively. Accuracy (%) was within 85–115%. Application to real human meconium samples revealed that bisphenols were frequently detected, particularly BPS and BPA, with BPS detected in 96.0% of the samples (0.88–24.98 ng/g) and BPA in 88.0% (0.32–7.72 ng/g), while BPF and BPAF were found less frequently, in 36.0% and 24.0% of the samples, respectively. Among the phthalate monoesters, MMP, MEP, and MEHP were ubiquitous, while MBP was detected in nearly all samples (96.0%). Triclosan was also quantified, though at a lower frequency (12.0%). These findings confirm the prenatal exposure to these EDCs and demonstrate that the developed method provides the sensitivity and robustness required to quantify these contaminants at environmentally relevant concentrations.