Performance comparison of direct and indirect analysis strategies in molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors for antibiotic determination
TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, cilt.203, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 203
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.119036
- Dergi Adı: TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, EMBASE, DIALNET, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Antibiotic detection, Direct sensing approaches, Indirect sensing approaches, Molecularly imprinted polymers, Signal transduction mechanisms
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Electrochemical sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have attracted increasing attention as selective, cost-effective, and versatile platforms for antibiotic determination in pharmaceutical, food, and environmental samples. In these systems, analytical performance is strongly influenced by the chosen signal transduction strategy, which can generally be classified as direct or indirect electrochemical analysis. Although both approaches rely on the same molecular imprinting principles to achieve selective recognition, they differ fundamentally in how analyte binding is converted into a measurable electrochemical signal. This review presents a systematic and critical comparison of direct and indirect electrochemical analysis strategies employed in MIP-based sensors for antibiotic detection. Representative and recent studies are evaluated with respect to key analytical performance parameters, including selectivity, sensitivity, linear range, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy, and applicability to real samples. Particular emphasis is placed on how signal-generation mechanisms influence analytical behavior, robustness, and matrix tolerance, rather than on sensitivity-related metrics alone. By integrating insights from recent MIP-based electrochemical sensor developments, this review provides a strategy-oriented framework that clarifies the strengths, limitations, and practical implications of direct and indirect sensing approaches, enabling a more comprehensive interpretation of reported studies and the factors governing sensor performance in antibiotic analysis.