Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Frontiers in Psychology , cilt.17, sa.1, ss.1-9, 2026 (SSCI)
Background: The coaching profession plays a critical role in athlete development
and building an egalitarian culture in sports. However, professional practice is
often shaped by gender-based stereotypes, prejudices, and structural limitations.
This study aims to examine the multilayered and systemic nature of gender
inequality in the coaching profession.
Methods: A qualitative research approach using a phenomenological design
was employed. The experiences of active male and female coaches (n =
10) were investigated through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Participants
were selected using criterion sampling to ensure gender balance across male-
dominated, female-dominated, and neutral sports branches. Data were analyzed
using thematic analysis.
Results: The analysis identified three main themes constraining coaches’
professional lives: Invisible Labor, Glass Ceiling & Glass Cli , and Sexual
Objectification. Findings revealed that female coaches struggle with a “Glass
Ceiling” where their competencies are questioned, career paths are restricted,
and they bear emotional burdens imposed by gender norms. Conversely, male
coaches are compelled to establish excessive distance and formality, particularly
with female members, to avoid being perceived as potential objects of sexual
threat. This creates a “Communication Barrier” that limits their professional
e ectiveness and market volume.
Conclusions: Gender inequality in coaching possesses a dual structure,
encompassing not only the disadvantaged position of women but also structural
challenges for male coaches exposed to restrictive hegemonic masculinity
norms. To achieve genuine and inclusive equality in sports, policies must be
broadened to address the specific constraints faced by both genders.