Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability of Annual Ryegrass under Nitrogen and Biostimulant Regimes: A GGE Biplot Approach
PLANT AND SOIL, cilt.1, sa.1, ss.1-10, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 1 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Dergi Adı: PLANT AND SOIL
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Scopus, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Environment Index, Geobase, CAB Abstracts
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-10
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Background and Aims: This study evaluated forage yield and genotype-by-environment (GE) interaction of four annual ryegrass cultivars—Trinova, Grasslands Bill, Vivaro, and Koga—under three nitrogen rates (50, 100, 150 kg ha⁻¹) and biostimulant application (0 and 500 ml ha⁻¹) across three Turkish locations (Ankara, Eskişehir, Kayseri) during 2020–2021. Methods: A split-split-plot randomized block design was used, with cumulative green forage, dry forage, and crude protein yields recorded over three cuttings. Eberhart–Russell stability analysis and GGE biplot methodology were applied to characterize cultivar stability and adaptability across 18 treatment environments (3 locations × 3 nitrogen levels × 2 biostimulant treatments). Results: Nitrogen fertilization was the most decisive factor for forage and crude protein yield, with N150 giving the highest values. Grasslands Bill was the most stable cultivar (non-significant s²di in all cuttings), while Koga was the highest-yielding but increasingly environmentally responsive cultivar (bi > 1). GGE biplots showed increasing environment differentiation from cutting 1 (78.2% GGE explained) to cutting 3 (92.8%), with Ankara × N50 the most discriminating environment. Biostimulant effects on green forage yield were significant at Eskişehir (all cuttings) and at Kayseri (third cutting only), both reduced, but not at Ankara; for dry forage yield, a significant reduction was observed at Eskişehir only, with no significant effect at Kayseri or Ankara. Conclusion: These findings offer a framework for cultivar recommendation that accounts for both productive potential and stability across diverse agro-ecological conditions. These findings reflect a single growing season, however, and multi-year validation is recommended before recommendations are generalized.