Gastrointestinal stability and bioactivity of propolis from diverse origins

Can Z., ÇELEBİ Z. B., TUNCA E., KOLAYLI S., SEVİN S., Tutun H.

European Food Research and Technology, cilt.252, sa.4, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 252 Sayı: 4
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s00217-026-05104-w
  • Dergi Adı: European Food Research and Technology
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, ABI/INFORM, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, Hospitality & Tourism Complete, Hospitality & Tourism Index
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Antioxidant activity, Gastrointestinal stability, HCA, PCA, Propolis, Urease inhibition
  • Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Propolis is a chemically complex bee product whose biological properties depend on its botanical and geographical origin. However, little is known about how gastrointestinal digestion affects its phenolic profile and bioactivity. In this study, twelve propolis samples from eight countries were evaluated for phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity (FRAP, ABTS+•), and urease inhibition before and after simulated gastric digestion. RP-HPLC–PDA identified 26 phenolic compounds showing substantial compositional diversity. Turkish Bolu propolis retained the highest post-gastric FRAP value, while several samples (BBP, AFP) maintained or enhanced urease inhibition. PCA and HCA highlighted origin-dependent differentiation, identifying digestive stability as a key variable for functional potential.