Research Information System
in: “Dry Eye Disease”, 2022, 1st Edition,, GALOR A, Editor, Elsevier Science, Oxford/Amsterdam , Florida, pp.69-95, 2022
Dry eye disease (DED) is an umbrella term that represents a wide spectrum of disorders with different clinical presentations and variable risk factors. Despite significant work, the diagnosis and management of the disease remains challenging because of heterogeneity of risk factors, discordance between signs and symptoms, and absence of reliable objective metrics. This chapter aims to highlight some major findings from reserach in patients with DED that shed light on the: findings finding pathophysiology of DED; tear film/ocular surface alterations, corneal morphological changes observed in neuropathic pain, aqueous versus evaporative DED and some systemic diseases, effect of age, sex, environmental factors on DED, preservative toxicity and DED, and effect of microbiome on DED. Of particular interest are objective tests that can help better diagnose DED, determine severity, and/or evaluate response to treatment in humans.