Nanostructured gold and silver systems in biomedicine: From green synthesis to smart therapeutic platforms
TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, cilt.205, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 205
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.119114
- Dergi Adı: TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, EMBASE, DIALNET, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Biomedical applications, Biosensing, Gold nanoparticle, Green synthesis, Silver nanoparticle
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Nanomaterials have become indispensable tools for advancing biomedical science, largely because of their tunable physicochemical properties and their ability to interact with complex biological environments. Among these systems, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted exceptional interest due to their distinct plasmonic behavior, finely adjustable optical and thermal responses, and highly versatile surface chemistry. The properties of these nanoparticles are determined to a great extent by the synthesis route. They can be produced by physical techniques such as laser ablation and condensation-evaporation, by chemical reduction methods that enable precise control over morphology, or by biologically mediated strategies that provide environmentally sustainable pathways to particle formation. Variations in synthesis conditions define fundamental attributes, including size, shape, crystallinity, and surface functionality, which collectively govern performance across biomedical applications. This review offers an integrated analysis of the principal synthesis approaches and explains how they influence nanoparticle behavior in diverse medical contexts. Particular attention is given to the development of smart therapeutic platforms, exploring how these nanostructures are engineered for stimuli-responsive drug release. These gene delivery systems exploit controlled-release dynamics and biological recognition, as well as photothermal and photodynamic therapies and integrated theranostic applications. Particular attention is given to imaging modalities that rely on plasmon-enhanced optical contrast and to biosensing platforms that leverage the remarkable catalytic and electronic properties of noble-metal nanostructures. The roles of these nanoparticles in tissue engineering and wound healing are also discussed with emphasis on their contributions to cellular regeneration, antimicrobial activity, and the mechanical reinforcement of biomaterial scaffolds. By linking synthesis strategies to functional outcomes, this review underscores the growing significance of AuNPs and AgNPs as adaptable and multifunctional platforms that continue to shape the future of biomedical innovation.