Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, cilt.30, sa.1, ss.1-34, 2024 (SCI-Expanded)
One of the most basic human needs is water, which is also needed to create all the nutrients required for nutrition. For this reason, water is the basic element of life. While the presence of underground mines and oil is an indicator of the wealth of a country, the existence of water resources is now considered a part of this group. A hundred years ago, the existing water availability in a country was a direct indicator of the water wealth of that country. However, as a result of the increase in industrialization and the rapid pollution of water resources, it has become a necessity to evaluate water not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of quality. Because the unit water value of a source is related to the number of different purposes that source can be used for, the more varied a water resource’s application, the more valuable it is. Sometimes one unit of very clean water is more valuable than a hundred units of dirty water. For this reason, the value of a country's water resources should be evaluated not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of quality. In this study, the total surface water as rivers and lakes and groundwater of Turkey were examined in terms of quantity and quality on a basin basis, and assessments were made about the basin water potentials. While the amount of water in 25 water basins in Turkey does not show a significant change over time, a serious changing draws attention in terms of quality, especially in the last 50 years. The change in the amount of water in the basin primarily manifests itself in the form of a decrease in the water levels of rivers, lakes and groundwater. This process arises due to the effects of global warming and climate change, which is a global problem that concerns the whole world. However, pollution in water resources and making the water resource unusable are all related to the fact that the regulations on the protection of water are not adequately implemented and people do not act consciously. In other words, although quantitative reduction is a global problem, the quality problem is related to the polluting factors in the region of that resource. In a country with a very high population growth rate, the decrease in the per capita water potential and the rapid increase in the pollution in the existing resources leads to a steady decline in the availability of usable water resources. In this study, attention was drawn to point and diffuse pollution on the basis of water presence and water source on the basis of basin, and an evaluation of Turkey's water resources in terms of quantity and quality was made.