Plant material for the future of nut production in the Mediterranean region: Hazelnut Case Study
Plant material for the future of nut production in the Mediterranean region, Zaragoza, İspanya, 25 - 26 Eylül 2024, sa.130, ss.33-48, (Tam Metin Bildiri)
- Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Tam Metin Bildiri
- Basıldığı Şehir: Zaragoza
- Basıldığı Ülke: İspanya
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.33-48
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Abstract.
Hazelnut has been cultivated in Europe since ancient times, in particular across the Mediterranean basin. Currently, the main area of cultivation is still located in two countries (Türkiye and Italy) but surface
planted area is continuously growing across the world, including in the southern hemisphere. Hazelnuts are mostly destined to the confectionary industry (90%) and production is mainly based on traditional cultivars.
Cultivation techniques are modern in the new areas of planting, while for traditional orchards cultural practices are often inadequate and yield is low. In the main Mediterranean field collections (Türkiye, Italy, Spain,
France) are conserved 1138 hazelnut accessions, but many are in common between fields (we estimate that about 830 unique accessions are conserved). About 50% of them are Turkish germplasm or cultivars. Several
breeding programs started between the 1960s and 1980s that lead to cultivar releases, but at present only some of them are available in European nurseries. Research activity on hazelnut is considerable, focusing
on development of biotechnological tools for hazelnut breeding or aimed to test the adaptability of the varietal innovations (cultivar and rootstocks) to various pedoclimatic conditions in Europe. On the contrary, the
conservation and implementation of germplasm collection fields needs funding to secure their maintenance.