Research Information System
Extracellular Vesicles Conference 2024, Ankara, Turkey, 20 - 21 September 2024, vol.1, no.1, pp.56
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, double lipid-layered membrane structures released into the
environment by various cell types. These extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular and
interspecies substance transmission by carrying macromolecules. Recent studies on plant-derived
extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have demonstrated their roles in communication and their preventive
and therapeutic properties in mitigating cancer, oxidative stress, and infectious diseases. In this context,
the metabolite contents of exosome-like nanovesicles, which are extracellular vesicles obtained from
edible plants, are of significant interest. In our study, we investigated the metabolite contents of PENVs
obtained from the stems and flowers of broccoli, the fruit and peel of avocado, pepper, carrot, radish,
nettle, onion, and horsetail. Using the obtained data, we created a heat map graph. According to our
results, PENVs derived from horsetail were found to be rich in metabolites such as Nicotiflorin,
Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, Deoxycarnitine, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-
one, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl), Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3,7,
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl), 3-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl),
Quercitrin, Kaempferol, and Luteolin. PENVs from onions showed high concentrations of metabolites
including Alpha-cyperone, Hyperoside, Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, Myricitrin, (S)-3-amino-4, Tricetin,
and Quercetin-3-O-hexoside. Nettle-derived PENVs were rich in 2,4-dihydroxyheptadecyl acetate, 2-
palmitoylglycerol, Chlorogenic acid, and 6R,7R)-7-azaniumyl-3-methyl-8-oxo-5. Avocado fruit
PENVs contained the highest amount of Isoquercitrin, while avocado peel PENVs had a higher
concentration of C17_sphingosine compared to other metabolites. Carrot PENVs contained the highest
amount of 6-[3-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) methyl]-4-methoxy metabolite. Radish PENVs showed high
concentrations of N,N-dimethyldodecylamine, Datiscetin-3-O-rutinoside, 7-beta-hydroxylathyrol, 8-
[3-oxo-2-[(E)-pent-2-enyl]cyclopenten-1-yl]octanoic acid, LPE 16:0, and 1-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidinone
metabolites. Pepper PENVs had high amounts of Phytosphingosine, Tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, (Z)-
5,8,11-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid, and D-ribo-phytosphingosine metabolites. Broccoli flower
PENVs contained the highest amount of Kaempferol-7-O-hexoside metabolite, while broccoli stem
PENVs showed high concentrations 8-{(1S,5R)-4-oxo-5-[(2Z)-2-penten-1-yl]-2-cyclopenten-1-yl}
octanoic acid and Nandrolone metabolites. The concentrations and varieties of metabolites in PENVs
vary according to plant species, making each plant unique in terms of its metabolite content in PENVs.
This variability suggests that plants can be harnessed for diverse biological activities and medical
applications. Such analyses can provide a foundation for investigating the potential use of PENVs in
pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, and selecting plants based on their metabolite profiles can
contribute to the development of personalized medical approaches.