Microencapsulation of Clove Leaf Essential Oil Using Camelina Sativa Seed Mucilage and Gum Arabic: Encapsulation Efficiency, Physicochemical Properties and Bioaccessibility
Food Biophysics, cilt.21, sa.3, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 21 Sayı: 3
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s11483-026-10196-8
- Dergi Adı: Food Biophysics
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Hospitality & Tourism Complete, Hospitality & Tourism Index, INSPEC, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Pharma Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Camelina seed mucilage, Clove essential oil, Eugenol bioaccessibility, Microencapsulation, Natural wall material
- Ankara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study investigated the feasibility of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) seed mucilage (CM) as a natural wall material in the microencapsulation of clove leaf essential oil (CLEO) in combination with gum arabic (GA), with a focus on encapsulation efficiency, physicochemical properties, morphology, and eugenol bioaccessibility. Oil-in-water emulsions (5:15:80, CLEO: wall material: water) were prepared with increasing CM proportions (0–0.75%, w/w) and freeze-dried to obtain microcapsules. The extraction yield of CM was 6.13 ± 0.47%, the eugenol content of CLEO was 75.44 ± 1.67%. All emulsions exhibited no creaming, indicating good physical stability. Increasing CM content led to larger particle sizes and modifications in microcapsule morphology. The highest encapsulation efficiency (77.28%) was achieved at a GA: CM ratio of 14.50:0.50% (CM50), exceeding that of the GA-only formulation, whereas further increases in CM content resulted in reduced encapsulation efficiency. Thermal analysis revealed subtle improvements in matrix homogeneity at moderate CM levels, while excessive CM did not provide additional thermal advantages. Although CM increased the antioxidant capacity of the coating material, excessive CM reduced the antioxidant activity of the microcapsules. The total phenolic contents of the microcapsules were higher than that of CLEO. Eugenol bioaccessibility was significantly influenced by CM concentration, reaching a maximum value of 59.16% in the CM50 formulation, following the same trend as encapsulation efficiency. Overall, CM, when used at an appropriate level in combination with GA, provides an effective delivery system for CLEO and significantly improved eugenol bioaccessibility, demonstrating its potential as a promising new coating material for encapsulation technology.