Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
ANIMALS, cilt.12, sa.9, 2022 (SCI-Expanded)
Simple Summary Camelina sativa, also known as false flax, is an oilseed adaptable to wide agronomic conditions and is an environment-friendly crop utilized by human beings for decades. Camelina seed and its derivatives have a nutritional value comparable to other products fed to dairy cows. However, similar to other oil crops, it has anti-nutritional factors which have brought some regulations from authorities on the inclusion levels of camelina seed and oil-extracted products. Many studies have been conducted, and effects on feed intake, digestion, and metabolism are controversial at higher inclusion levels, Yet, there has still been no effect noticed on the metabolic hormones of dairy cows when included at an appropriate level (2 kg/animal/day seeds or 10% inclusion on a dry matter basis of oil extracted products). Although inclusion of the seed and expeller on milk fat suppression is prominent, milk fat produced by a diet including camelina seed and its by-products is rich in health-beneficial fatty acids. In addition, with processing, its anti-nutritional factors can be reduced, and solvent-extracted meals can be used in higher inclusions than current recommended levels, without affecting the digestion and metabolism of the animal. Camelina sativa, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, has been grown since 4000 B.C. as an oilseed crop that is more drought- and cold-resistant. Increased demand for its oil, meal, and other derivatives has increased researchers' interest in this crop. Its anti-nutritional factors can be reduced by solvent, enzyme and heat treatments, and genetic engineering. Inclusion of camelina by-products increases branched-chain volatile fatty acids, decreases neutral detergent fiber digestibility, has no effect on acid detergent fiber digestibility, and lowers acetate levels in dairy cows. Feeding camelina meal reduces ruminal methane, an environmental benefit of using camelina by-products in ruminant diets. The addition of camelina to dairy cow diets decreases ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and bio-hydrogenation. This reduced bio-hydrogenation results in an increase in desirable fatty acids and a decrease in saturated fatty acids in milk obtained from cows fed diets with camelina seeds or its by-products. Studies suggest that by-products of C. sativa can be used safely in dairy cows at appropriate inclusion levels. However, suppression in fat milk percentage and an increase in trans fatty acid isomers should be considered when increasing the inclusion rate of camelina by-products, due to health concerns.