Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Türkiye
Tez Danışmanı: Mehmet Akif Koç
Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2021
Tezin Dili: Türkçe
Özet:
This study examines the subjective approaches of the prominent researchers
in the maqasid subject and the main factors behind these perspectives which are
reflected in the commentary.
The research consists of two parts; in the first part, the conceptual framework
of subjectivity and objectivity is presented. Then, the historical developments of
subjectivity and objectivity in the Western and Islamic tradition and the main factors
that cause subjectivity in interpretation are discussed.
In the second part of the study, after mentioning the basic concepts about
maqasid, the effect of subjectivity in maqasid approaches on tafsir was examined. In
this context, firstly, Shatibī's theory of ummī and its effect on his approach to
scientific exegesis were presented, and then Ibn ‘Āshūr’s criticism of Shatibī was
presented at this point. Shatibī stating that the first addressees were an ummī
community and the Qur'an addressed them according to their comprehension and
level, rejects scientific tafsir, based on the fact that there is nothing in the Qur'an
except the knowledge of the Arabs at that time. On the other hand Ibn ‘Āshūr follows
this tafsir cult and presents a six-item critique to Shatibī in the preliminary of his
tafsir.
Afterwards; the method of understanding the Qur'an, which has a historicist
perspective, developed by Faḍlur Raḥman based on the ideas of Shatibī, is
mentioned. The tafsir method developed by Faḍlur Raḥman, influenced by Betti's
romantic hermeneutic approach, consists of two stages. Although it overlaps with
the ideas of Shatibī, which he claims to be based on in the first stage, it differs in the
second stage. Contrary to Faḍlur Raḥman, who argues that the universals are
universal and the particulars are historical, Shatibī finds such an attitude wrong.
The third topic of this section is the discussions on ta‘līl. The approaches of
the ulama are divided into three as those who accept ta‘līl, those who do not, and
those who conditionally accept, and the ideas of Cuveynī, Ghazzālī, Rāzī and Āmidī,
who are the broadest explanation on the subject, are discussed.
In the conclusion part of the thesis, a general evaluation was made about the
results obtained in the study.
Keywords: Tafsir, Maqasid, Interpretation, Controversy, Subjectivity,
Objectivity.